...your power supply going into your computer?

It's possible, if the board and the power supply are not compatible. But that would fry the board. Usually not a problem unless you build your own comp.

Yea, some settings may change when you install certain programs and that kind of stuff.I think you change that in the BIOS although I don't recommend even trying to -- it's too complicated and risky.

No. Your power supply is regulated...however your compnents can draw more power than they're designed to.

Yes it's possible. After all, that is what you have a surge protector for. And speaking of surge protectors, they can get old and need to be replaced periodically. You should buy one of the new ones because they provide much better protection then the older models do.

yeah, the final stage of the power supply is the voltage regulator, and if that is malfunctioning, you're computer might be too!